Historic Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Historic Sustainability - Essay Example It is worth noting that the prices of tea in the world market is falling drastically day by day, which have had nasty implications not only to the producers but also to the workers. All stakeholders need to join hands in unison and address the issue finally. The inauguration of tea as a major drink has been a milestone in not only the economic development of India but also worldwide countries. Essentially, tea has become a core part of majority of people’s daily lives. History shows that the current tea bushes did grow as wild vegetation in India. The natives’ settlers in India had a tendency of utilizing it in form of vegetables. It was a popular component of a locally made soup. Tea consumption has recorded an impressive evolution over time. This is an indicator of its crucial importance as a world’s second consumed drink. In India, tea remains the leading drink. It is available almost everywhere and all the times. Indian tea is named according to the region it emanates from (Hicks, 2009, pg. 253). Having been in the market for 172 years, Indian tea remains detrimental to the economy of the country. The industry is the backbone of the economy, employing millions of its citizens in diverse fields and bringing up an impressive foreign exchange count. The core tea growing regions in India are the highlands located in Eastern and Southern states. Its contribution to the Gross Domestic product is renowned. Its exports does account for 31% of the global tea production (Lutgendorf, 2012, pg. 14). The last 20 years have seen tea sector in India stabilize, gaining popularity in the world markets despite stiff competition from other countries. India remains both the largest consumer and producer of tea. 85% of its population consume tea. The country also account for at least 27% of the tea produced worldwide. Its exports account to 13% of

Civic Center Park Essay Example for Free

Civic Center Park Essay â€Å"The noblest sort of heart is that composed of the united will of many citizens† (Robinson, p. 10), and this united will is brought forth by the City Beautiful movement. The core goals of the City Beautiful movement is to create a better city through the development of unity, civic pride, and better citizens. Civic Center Park in Denver, Colorado is a prime example of the City Beautiful movement manifested into reality. With its’ grand manner architectural style it attempts to instill a sense of unity and civic pride with in the residents of the city, which in the City Beautiful style is intended to lead to better citizens over all. Civic Center Park illustrates the core goals of the City Beautiful movement through the monuments present, the design, and the location of the park its self. In the city beautiful movement it is key to create pubic space; this idea of public—shared—space is intended to create a place where all members of the community can come together in a central location. Civic Park is a large public space that is located in the center of downtown Denver, with busy streets on all sides that do not cut through the park but strategically curve around it as to simply incorporate the park into city life; this curvilinear street design is an aspect that Camillo Sitte advocated for in urban design. Also in order to create this sense of a shared public space the park is completely encircled by public buildings, which is an aspect of Grand Manner design that Sitte greatly appreciates in ancient cities (Sitte, p. 469); it creates an â€Å"unbroken frame of public buildings† (Sitte, p. 475), which produces a â€Å"†¦cohesive effect of the square†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sitte, p. 477). From the center of the park one can spin around and view the Denver Art Museum, the Denver Public Library, City Hall, and the newly added Colorado History Museum with out leaving that one spot. The boulevards leading to this central, open space are all broad, beautifully paved, and extensively tree lined, which is a key aspect in Grand Manner design. Much of the foot traffic in the area seemed to choose to walk these paths to their destinations instead of the main roads, despite that most destinations appeared not to be within the park its self. Facilitating a sense that this area is for the public use in more aspects than just a park. Another way in which Civic Center Park is reaching out to the public is through the program â€Å"Grow Local†. Near the center of the park is a space of land that has been cultivated into a community garden, where the food that is produced is donated to local non-profits and is cared for by volunteers in the community. The goal of the â€Å"Grow Local† foundation is to â€Å"promote local food, local community, and local economy† (Civic Center Park sign). This program that is central in the park entirely focuses on the betterment and unity of the community surrounding Civic Center Park. It establishes a connection amongst the citizens of Denver for it is completely local and is supported by the immediate community for the immediate community, which is a key concept in the City Beautiful movement. This aspect of having an open public space surrounded by civic buildings is a core City Beautiful ideology, for it turns the entire area into public domain. All that can be seen is open to the public, allowing the citizens to feel united and a part of something larger—their city. This connection helps to produce pride in the citizens, for when one feels connected they also feel a sense of responsibility. As Robinson put it in his paper, Improvement in City Life, â€Å"the happier people of the rising city beautiful will grow in love for it, in pride in it. They will be better citizens, because better instructed, more artistic, and filled with civic pride† (Robinson, p. 10). With responsibility also comes pride when the area is one that is favorable and beautiful as is intended in the grand manner design that was used in the creation of civic park. The desire of having a population that has civic pride, as is the goal in the City Beautiful movement, is that this pride will lead to better citizens. If one takes pride in there community they will then want to better their community and make it a better place to live for all. They will be inspired by their built environment to be better than before. With in Civic Center Park there are a wide variety of monuments, statues, and plaques that cover the landscape. Many of these monuments, statues, and plaques carry a common theme, the theme of patriotism. This theme of patriotism is portrayed through monuments and such that commemorate Civil War and World War II heroes, the military branches, and the beginnings of our nation. Many of these monuments, statues, and plaques are not focused solely on Denver or even Colorado, but on the nation as a whole. One plaque that is positioned on a large dark stone structure is dedicated to Sadie M. Likens, whom did great work aiding survivors of the Civil War. The plaque does not state weather or not she was a Colorado native or if she has any connection to Denver at all, it can be assumed but the connection is not concretely conveyed. Another example of this is the giant flagpole with an American flag that stands in direct line of sight of City Hall. This is not beneficial to Denver’s civic identity, for it causes â€Å"local characteristics [to] gradually disappear† (Sitte, p. 473). While this is a representation of the people’s identity and unity as a nation, it does nothing for the identity and unity of the people as members of Denver or even Colorado. A tall monument that resamples the Washington monument also stands in Civic Center Park and commemorates each branch of the United States military. This too only connects the people to their national identity and not to their identity and unity as an immediate community. While this may be viewed as advantageous, for it â€Å"attend[s] to everyone’s past† (Hayden, p. 69), it is not focused enough on the immediate community to promote the ideologies of City Beautiful. While the monument dedicated to Christopher Columbus is â€Å"socially inclusive† (Hayden, p. 70), for it celebrates the discovery and beginning of the peoples’ nation, it has no true connection to the unique background of the community. These monuments need to be more focused on Colorado and Denver’s histor and culture in order for them to better â€Å"nurture citizens public memory, to encompass shared time in the form of shred territory† (Hayden 72), as is one of the main goals of the City Beautiful Movement and the main purpose of monuments, statues, and plaques. The Statue of â€Å"Joe P. Martinez, Colorado’s first congressional medal of honor recipient of World War II† (Civic Center Park monument), in Civic Center Park is a statue that better connects the nations history with Colorado’s history; for, it commemorates a Colorado native that was in a war that effected all citizens of both the nation and Colorado. Another beneficial aspect of theses monuments is that they show a type of timeline, in that they â€Å"[help] to create, celebrate and cement this progressive narrative of natural history† (Savage, p. 2). This is also represented through the monument of the Ten Commandments that is located at one of the entrances to the park. This nation was founded on religious beliefs and therefor it has a religious beginnings and this is portrayed in the park despite the fact that our nation—for the most part—has moved away from these beginnings. Having it at the beginning of the park represents the forward movement of our nation. There were some statues, monuments, and plaques in Civic Center Park that did focus more on Colorado history, which is a closer tie to the community; however, there still did not seem to be any that were specific to Denver. Two statues that stood out as strongly representing Colorado’s collective past were the â€Å"Bronco Buster† (a statue of a cowboy on a horse) and the â€Å"On the War Trail† (a statue of a Native American on a horse). As a western state Colorado has a strong history involving Native Americans and ranching. Colorado still continues to be associated with such things in the present as well. Cowboys and Native Americans are a part of Colorado’s collective identity weather or not people have an actual, personal association with them. These statues are not just mementos of the past but representations of the present, they are not â€Å"an obsolete marker of the past but an agent of consciousness in a changing world† (Savage, p. 5). Another monument that represent Colorado’s history instead of the nations are the paintings of the â€Å"Trapper and the Prospector†, which represent early, frontier life in Colorado. These paintings represent how western life in Colorado began and how the beginnings of life in Colorado as people know it today. While all of the monuments, statues, and plaques mentioned previously help to establish unity and identity on a national and state level they lack the ability to establish them on a community and city level. The incorporation of more monuments, statues, and plaques that represent Denver’s history and identity—which Civic Center park is significantly lacking—would greatly serve the cause of building Denver’s civic identity. For, the people would feel more connected to one another and to their immediate community. This would also allow a place â€Å"in which humans can display their culture† (Sitte, p. 467), which, as Lewis Mumford believes is the most important part of a city. The culture of the people of the community cannot be displayed if the monuments present do not represent the immediate area. In Civic Center park the majority of the monuments, statues, and plaques focus on commemorating heroes, such as the Civil war monument, the World War II statue, and the Columbus monument. All of these recognized people that made a difference and were beneficial to the nation; none of them were portrayed as victims. These types of monuments stimulate consciousness, in that they cause people to view this nation as a proud one. They bring forth the notion that our nation is one of victors and heroes and therefor one should find pride in it. The monuments I found the most engaging at Civic Center park were the ones that have a greater focus on Colorado and less on the nation. I feel as though they have a more relevant place in a park in Denver thats main purpose is to promote Denver’s civic identity. In particular I enjoyed the â€Å"Trapper and the Prospector† paintings that resided inside the coliseum type structure. I feel as though they best represented Colorado’s history. They also are the most intricate monuments and evoked the most consciousness about the past and the present. Civic Center Park is full of people there for all different reasons. There are those, such as my self, that are there to observe and view the monuments (few), there are those that are there on commute to another location (many), there are those ‘hanging out’ in groups (the majority), there are those that seemed to view it as a place of residence (good portion), and then there are those that seemed to be just enjoying the park alone (few). I was a bit taken back by how few people seemed to be in Civic Park to view the monuments and enjoy the aesthetic aspects of the park. There were only a handful of people that were utilizing the benches as a place to just sit and enjoy the park and I saw only one other couple that even bothered to glance at the statues. Those in the park that were just commuting to another location tended to stay on the grand boulevard pathways and did not interact with those off of the boulevards. They did not seem to interact with any other part of the built environment other than the path in which they walked and the arches in which they passed under. I believe that City Beautiful advocates would be pleased with the fact that members of the community use the park as a part of their daily lives; however, they would probably not be too pleased with the aspect that many of the foot traffic does not interact with the monuments or the open space that is provided. I believe that they would be more pleased if some of the foot traffic stopped once in a while and enjoyed the area more and truly took it all in. If the people of the community are not taking in the sites around them then the park is not serving the function that is intended. In the City Beautiful ideology the park should instill civic pride and the monuments should educate, memorialize, and commemorate according to Kostof, and they cannot do this if the citizens ignore them all. Those that seem the most comfortable in the park were those that were ‘hanging out’ in groups that all massed around a central area. This large mass of various smaller groups positioned its self around the top of the coliseums type structure along one of the main walkways in the center of Civic Center Park. When I walked past this mass I was called out to and asked on more than one occasion, â€Å"Hey girlie, wanna smoke some reefer?† as one man put it. I politely declined the offers and was usually met with annoyed shrugs or rude comments. A majority of the people in this crowd seemed to be selling something of unsavory quality or interacting in activities of the same sort. The fact that this seems to be the dominant presence in Civic Center Park portrays that the goal for it to produce civic pride and better citizens has fallen short. I also asked some Denver locals about what connotation Civic Center Park has and all of them proceeded to inform me that it is where one goes to purchase drugs if you ever want any. From this I have derived that the park is not viewed as a place of civic pride, but viewed as a less savory part of the city. City Beautiful advocates would be extremely disturbed by what is taking place in Civic Center Park, for it is doing the opposite of its purpose and nothing, or very little, is being done to change this. Structurally, architecturally, and aesthetically Civic Center Park is every thing that a City Beautiful advocate could ever dream of; however, the actual response of the people to the park is nothing like that imagined. Aesthetically, Civic Center Park has greatly exemplified City Beautiful and Grand Manner ideologies. Civic Center Park is adjacent to the Denver Public Library, which is a building that extrudes public space to the utmost. A library is thought of as a place that is solely for public use; people can borrow from it with no pay, use its facilities for no pay, and it sponsors many public events. Its only purpose is to serve the public, and no part of it is off limits to anyone. The Denver art Museum is also adjacent to Civic Center Park, which is another building that is dedicated to the public. A museums main purpose is to educate and benefit the community in which they are a part of. The fact that all of the buildings that surround Civic Center Park are dedicated to the enhancement and benefit of the public is the exact ideology behind Grand Manner and City Beautiful design. This is indeed what civic â€Å"aesthetic progress† should look like. To add to this â€Å"civic aesthetic† progress is that the Colorado History Museum has also been place near Civic Center Park in the Civic Center Cultural complex. This addition is good in a City Beautiful context for it is another public building that is dedicated to the immediate community. It is a building that will create unity in the community, for it is focused solely on Colorado’s history and culture, which is an aspect that all the people of the community have in common with one another. â€Å"A more inclusive landscape history can also stimulate new approaches to urban design, encourage designers, artists, and writers, as well as citizens, to contribute to an urban art of creating a heightened sense of place in the city† (Hayden 73), which is what the City Beautiful planers of Civic Center park aimed to do. In many ways Civic Center park succeeded in creating a City Beautiful, Grand Manner, public space; however, it has failed to influence the public in the way that is intended. I find that the monuments and such in the park should be more locally focused in order to create the civic pride and unity that City Beautiful advocates envisioned.

Importance of Social Interaction in Childcare Environment

Importance of Social Interaction in Childcare Environment The childcare centre I am attached is well organised with wide pathways. They can move freely from one place to another. In this way, this provides opportunities for the children to interact with their peers with the sufficient places. Along the corridors, there are no obstacles blocking their way and is danger free. Toys, books and stationaries are placed in lower cupboards whereby the children are able to reach for them so they feel independent and competent so they will less likely to disturb their friends. The classrooms have quite a number of low shelves and dividers to divide the spaces out for different kinds of activities carried out by the teachers. In the dramatic play corner, there are insufficient materials for the children to play. Therefore, there will always have friction to argue who should play which toys. In order to prevent such things from happening again, the school should ensure there are enough toys provided in the dramatic corner to allow the children to play in a purposeful manner. They should also limit the number of children going in to dramatic play corner to ensure that the toys in there are sufficient for the allowed number of children. This would then discourage negative behaviour in the children where they have to fight over for the toys. Children participating in cooperative activities are less likely to behave aggressively and more cooperative even during unstructured times. The classrooms mark the boundaries clearly by placing mats around the floor, this allows children to be able to focus and concentrate more on the activities that they are engaged. When the children are having some quiet activities like reading and writing, they should be located away from classrooms where children are more likely to be more active and noisy. In this way, they can concentrate better in their activities. Social context is a framework that shows us what kinds of attitudes and behaviours are expected, accepted and valued in a setting. Sense of community consists of cohesiveness, friendliness and cooperation. Children participating in cooperative activities in class are less likely to behave aggressively and be more cooperative even during unstructured times. (Kaiser, B. Raminsky, J. S. (2010) Cooperative activities purpose is that all the children will benefit and they success as a whole class. For example, the teacher can plan do outdoor activities like passing around the hoola hoops. All the children need to form a circle and holding each other hand. A hoola hoop is placed at the arms of two children. The challenging part of this game is that the children cannot let go of each other hand when passing the hoop around the circle. As teachers, we have to be their role model. It is important that we speak to the children nicely instead of shouting. Therefore, this would help to build a positive social climate, hence children will less likely to show challenging behaviours. We must be a good role model for the children as they would tend to follow what we do, thus we have to be cautious of our own body language and actions that we do in class. This is to instill core values in them and also to create positive social climate. We have to be caring towards the children and try to become their friends. This will make the children close to us as they start to believe and trust in us. Having more group works than individual work, this would encourage the children to have more interaction with other classmates. Children need to make friends so that they will not show challenging behaviours. We only teach when the children are calm down. This is because they would not be able to listen to us when they are not calm. During the class-running this is what I observed. The theme for that day was on garden. During art and craft lesson, the children were given a piece of paper of vegetable salad each. They were instructed to do colouring, cutting and pasting. They are independent enough to do this activity by themselves. Next, they had their science lesson. The teacher used National Geographic Young Explorer magazine to teach them. The magazine was about tomatoes. The children had their tasting session whereby the teacher would prepare some tomatoes for them to taste. After the tasting session, they write their reflection about the experience of eating tomatoes on their journal. In their journal, they wrote about â€Å"How was the texture?†, â€Å"How did it taste?†, â€Å"Did you like eating it?† and draw your tomato plant. I find that the tasting session is very successful. The teacher made sure that the children were not rowdy during the lesson. The tasting session made the lesson very interesting and fun. Children were able to learn and play at the same time. Another successful was teaching using National Geographic Young Explorer magazine. Children could absorb a lot of information at young age. They were exposed to different things and this will help them greatly in the future. The classroom rules are raise hand to speak, talk softly, clean up eating area after meal time and put things back to their original place. I think this is successful in somewhere, but it is also unsuccessful too. It is unsuccessful because young children do not talk softly in class. They tend to talk a bit louder and during lesson, they just talked whenever they want. They would not raise up their hands to speak. However, it is successful because they were taught to put things in the correct place at young age, thus this would let them know that no one will help them to clear things up after used. They were also required to tidy up the eating area after their meal time. This became their habit to do it. In small group, there are a lot of movement and talking among the children. They would be very engaged in the activities. This enhanced their motivation and having more involvement in learning. They will also be energized and motivated to complete the task. Group discussion can help to increase interaction with different races. Children should respect each other races and religion and not being racist against them. The teacher in the childcare entre that I was attached planned creative arts. The teacher cut different shapes of the potatoes, then she divided the class into small groups. In each group, there must be different races and genders. The children chose the different shapes of potatoes and dipped into the different colours of paints onto their paper. The children was very enthusiasms towards this activity. Through this activities, the children can learn through play. Through group discussion, they can develop greater communication skill with their peers as they can voice out their ideas across to their classmates. Children contribute to one another’s learning by helping, supporting, encouraging, motivating and praising each other’s work. For example, when the teacher is busy teaching one child who has difficulties in their work, she is unable to attend to another child who also has problem with the assignment. Therefore, she can ask the other children who have finish their work to help the child. In large group discussion, all the children gather together in front for the same activities. This gives the children to recognize their classmates. Whole group times for young children include such activities as dramatic play, outdoor play and brainstorming. In the childcare centre that I am attached to, the classroom has a dramatic play corner to role playing. They have different types of themes like bakery shop and doctor’s clinic. The children take turns to play the different roles. These activities encourage social interaction with peers.

Another Civil War :: essays research papers

Socioeconomic reasons for the causes and outcome of the Civil War Analyzing the causes and the eventual outcome of the American Civil War can be a difficult task when you look at all the issues at once. The fields of the political, economic and sociological differences between the Union and the Confederacy are were we find the bulk of the answers as why the two regions of the United States separated. When trying to discuss the Civil War we must first explain why the Confederate states seceded and just as importantly, how they were defeated. When trying to find the causes and the outcomes of the Civil War, I've chosen to bypass the political reasons and would rather discuss the areas of economic and sociological conflict. It is hard to discuss one of these aspects without showing how closely it is tied into the other. Economy is the child of sociological conditions and in turn sociological conditions predict an areas economic success and potential. Because of this strong interrelationship between the two, the word "socioeconomic" is best suited to describe this important area of conflict between the North and the South. Almost a question of civilization versus barbarism the war between the North and the South showed America who held more power and whose way would lead us into a future for all Americans. The North and South were divided along an invisible economic line. States in the North were more industrialized than states in the South. In the South, cotton and tobacco provided the economy. These plantation crops created an economic situation based entirely upon agriculture. This was in stark contrast too the heavily industrialized Northern cities in America. Slave labor provided the workforce on the Southern plantations and along with crops were the backbone of Southern economic power. Slave labor, which turned the wheels on the vast plantations growing tobacco and cotton, created an entirely different socioeconomic climate then the one found in the North. The inherent conflict between the progressive, industrialized, urbane North and the plantation lifestyle, made possible by cotton, tobacco and slave labor, ultimately revealed a nation sharply divided along socioeconomic lines. The Civil War or "the war between the states", was the inevitable outcome of a developing nation uncertain as to whether it should remain progressive and industrialized or genteel and slowmoving. Unquestionably, the tobacco economy of the South as well as its cotton products were of vast importance to the entire nation. Still, the social structure of plantation life with its legacy and dependency upon slave labor, would not be tolerated by Northern states for much longer. A continued cry for emancipation and abolition by president Lincoln and

Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path: Phoenix’s Trip to the Local Town

The short story â€Å"The Worn Path† written by Eudora Welty is about an old Black woman’s trip into to the local town. The woman’s name is Phoenix and she is going to town to get medicine for her sick grandson. However, as she travels along the path Phoenix encounters several obstacles that show that along with her old age and deteriorating body her mind is slipping away from her as well. Phoenix is an elderly black woman who is charged with the task of taking the long trip through the woods and in to town.She is the only caretaker for her grandson and even though her senses and her body are starting to fail her she is still willing to take the risk. In the first part of the story Phoenix gets caught up in a thorn bush and it is not clear at first why she allowed herself to get as close to the bush as she did, but you are eventually brought to realize that her eyes are the betrayer. â€Å"I in the thorny bush,† she said. Thorns you doing your appointed wo rk. Never want to let folks pass, no sir. Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush† (1).This is just one of many examples of how her body along with her senses is slowly drifting away from her. While Phoenix is walking along on her journey in to the town she stops to take a break on the bank. Even though she does not chose to take a nap she still somehow manages to drift off into what some may consider and dream, or a warped sense of reality. â€Å"She did not dare to close her eyes, and when a little boy brought her a plate with a slice of marble-cake on it she spoke to him. â€Å" That would be acceptable,† she said.But when she went to take it there was just her own hand in the air† (2). It seems that the stresses of the journey along with the deteoration of her body due to old age are taking a toll on Phoenix. As Phoenix is walking through a field she spots a figure in the distance that appears to be dancing in the wind. The first thought that come s to her mind is that it is either a man or a ghost but she soon realizes that it is neither of those things. It appears that her warped sense of reality leads her to consider unrealistic things over rationality and disregard reason. Ghost,† she said sharply. â€Å"Who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by† (2). Phoenix mind along with her eyes are constantly playing tricks on her and I think she is slowly realizing that she can no longer trust herself. After a long and challenging trip through the woods, Phoenix finally makes it into town to get medicine for her grandson. But upon arriving at the doctor’s office she completely forgets why she came. Through the trip Phoenix has been struggling to make it both mentally and physically.It appears that her age has finally caught up to her, however her dedication to her grandson still manages to overpower the unfortunate consequences of old age. â€Å"My grandson, it was my memory had left me. There I sat and forgot why I made my long trip† (5). Even though, Phoenix is old and her health is fading just as fast as her mind. Her dedication to her grandson in the end is the one thing that is able to get her through and keep her in touch with reality. She is a woman who may not always be the most physically and mentally capable still manages to have the tenacity and grit needed to make it through her hard life.

Animal Hormone Quiz

ANIMAL ORGANIZATION AND HOMEOSTASIS QUIZ ? NOTE: THIS SECTION ALSO INCLUDES THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM _____1. Which gives the correct sequence of increasing organizational complexity? ?a) organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism ? b) cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism c) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism ? d) organism, tissue, cell, organ system, organ ? e) tissue, cell, organ system, organism, organ _____2. Which type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces? ?a) muscle tissue  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) connective tissue ____3. Which type of tissue is responsible for contractions that allow movement of organs or the entire body? ?a) muscle tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____4. Which type of tissue is responsible for receiving, interpreting, and producing a response to stimuli? ?a) muscle tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____5. Which tissue includes bone and cartilage? ?a) muscle tissue  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____6. Which tissue includes the epidermis? a) muscle tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____7. Digestive juices cannot leak between the epithelial cells lining the lumen because of ? a) muscle tissue  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____8. Which tissue includes blood and adipose tissue? ?a) muscle tissue  Ã‚   b) nervous tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) epithelial tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) connective tissue _____9. Which of the following statements is Not true about epithelial tissue? ?a) Flattened cells are found in squamous epithelium. ?b) Columnar epithelium is cubed-shaped with the nucleus near the upper surface of the cells. c) Simple epithelium has a single layer of cells in the tissue. ?d) Pseudostratified epithelium looks like it has multiple layers, but all the cells are attached to the same base. ?e) Epithelium lining the respiratory tract contains cilia that move particles along its surface. _____10. Which statement about epithelial tissue is Not true ? ?a) Stratified epithelium has numerous layers of cells. ?b) Epithelial tissue has one free surface and one surface attached to a basement membrane. ?c) Connections between epithelial cells include gap junctions, tight junctions, and spot ? esmosomes (adhesion junctions). ?d) Cells of the human epithelium contain a waterproof protein called keratin. ?e) Glandular epithelium that secretes its product into a duct forms the endocrine glands. _____11. Which is Not a function of connective tissue? ?a) line body surfaces and cavities ? b) bind and support body parts ? c) store energy in fat ? d) fill spaces ? e) produce blood cells _____12. Which statement about connective tissue is Not true? ?a) Connective tissue contains cells capable of differentiating into muscle and bone in animals. b) Loose connective tissue contains fibroblasts, different kinds of fibers, and a nonliving matrix. ?c) Fibrous connective tissue includes bone and cartilage. ?d) Blood is a connective tissue that contains a fluid matrix. ?e) Adipose tissue provides insulation and padding, as in skin. _____13. Which is Not a structure seen in compact bone? ?a) concentric circles of organization ? b) Haversian canals containing blood vessels and nerves. ?c) osteocytes located within lacunae ? d) bony bars and plates with irregular spaces between them ? e) cytoplasmic extensions of bone cells in canaliculi _____14. Which statement is Not true about cartilage? ?a) Cartilage cells are located in small spaces called lacunae. ?b) The matrix of cartilage includes collagen and elastic fibers. ?c) The matrix of cartilage includes calcium salts. ?d) The original skeleton of the human embryo is made of cartilage. ?e) Adults have cartilage structures that include the nose, ear, and intervertebral disks. _____15. Which statement about blood is Not true? ?a) Erythrocytes carry oxygen. ?b) Platelets are not complete cells. ?c) Platelets are involved in blood clotting. ?d) Leukocytes are involved in the body's defense against infection. e) The fluid matrix, plasma, is made by the cells in the bloodstream. _____16. Which of the following statements about muscular tissue is Not true? ?a) Skeletal muscle fibers are extremely large cells with multiple nuclei. ?b) All striated muscle is under voluntary control. ?c) Smooth muscle lacks striations. ?d) Striated muscle has bands of actin and myosin filaments perpend icular to the length of the cell. ?e) Skeletal muscle fibers form as multiple precursor cells joined to produce a single cell. _____17. Which statement about heart tissue is Not correct? a) The heart is composed mainly of cardiac muscle tissue. ?b) Cardiac muscle is not striated. ?c) Cardiac cells have a single central nucleus. ?d) Cardiac muscle movement is involuntary. _____18. The heart is made of cardiac fibers that are bound together in one interconnected mass due to ? a) shared nuclei. ?b) tight junctions. ?c) adhesion junctions (desmosomes). ?d) gap junctions. ?e) intercalated disks made of both desmosomes and gap junctions. _____19. Which statement is Not true about nervous tissue? ?a) Cells in the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses are called neurons. b) Glial cells support and protect neurons. ?c) The dendrites carry electrical impulses away from the cell body of the neuron. ?d) Nerve fibers are long axons and dendrites bound by connective tissues to form nerv es. ?e) Glial cells may provide neurons with nutrients or keep them free of cellular debris. _____20. Which structure is Not a part of the skin? ?a) stratified squamous epithelium ? b) melanocytes ? c) dermis ? d) connective tissue ? e) subcutaneous tissue _____21. The general process of gaining a tan and then losing it is best explained by which of the following? a) Melanocytes form melanin in the dead top epidermis and it is soon washed off. ?b) Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but blood flow slowly carries it away. ?c) Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but then reabsorb it in the absence of light. ?d) Melanocytes in the dividing layer of the epidermis produce melanin, but then cells divide and ? half are constantly being pushed to the top to flatten and be washed off. ?e) Ultraviolet light damages the subcutaneous skin cells but these dark burned cells soon are ? dissolved and replaced by healing processes. _____22. If you wash your skin and hair several times a day, you will soon have dry skin that easily ? cracks and bleeds because the oils you have removed are necessary to keep skin supple. This oil is ? a) pili secreted by arrectors. ?b) lymph secreted by lymphatic ducts. ?c) sebum secreted by sweat glands. ?d) sebum secreted by sebaceous glands. ?e) salty sweat secreted by sweat glands. _____23. Possible indications of skin cancer are ? a) an open sore that will not heal. ?b) a wart that bleeds an scabs. ?c) irregular shaped mole with grey, white, or red skin around it. ?d) All of the above are correct. e) None of the above are correct. _____24. When discussing homeostasis in body temperature, it is Not true to say that the body responds to ? a) cold by contracting the arrector pili muscles. ?b) cold by contracting skeletal muscles in shivering. ?c) cold by rerouting blood away from the skin. ?d) heat by stimulating sweat release. ?e) heat by constricting the blood vessels in the skin. ____ _25. In which of the following structures would one most likely find smooth muscle? ?a) biceps muscle  Ã‚   b) heart  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) digestive tract  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) quadriceps muscle  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) gluteus maximus muscle _____26. One type of cell communicating mechanism allows materials to pass through cells and not between them. ?This is due to the nature of the cells being in direct contact with each other. An example would be found in the ? epithelial cells of the gut and is known as a(n) ? a) tight junction  Ã‚   b) gap junction  Ã‚   c) plasmodesmata  Ã‚   d) adhesion junction  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) desmosome _____27. Haversian canals and a matrix of crystals of calcium phosphate would be found in ? a) teeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) nails  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) hooves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) bone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) cartilage _____28. Cuboidal epithelium would be found ? a) in the walls of the heart. b) in the knees and other joints as well as in the nose and tracheal rings. ?c) on the surface of the skin. ?d) lining glands and kidney tubules, and covering the ovaries. ?e) in tendons and the sheath around voluntary muscles. _____29. An example of a positive feedback loop would be ? a) a rise in body temperatur e causing a dilation of blood vessels in the skin. ?b) the patellar reflex. ?c) the production of epithelial cells to heal a cut. ?d) blood clotting. ?e) constriction of the iris of the eye in bright light. _____30. Intercellular junctions are important in both plants and animals. Which of the ? ollowing is Not used by animals as junctions? ?a) tight junctions ? b) plasmodesmata ? c) desmosomes ? d) gap junctions ? e) communicating junctions _____31. Of the items listed, which is Not required for maintenance of life? ?a) water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) food  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) carbon dioxide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) pressure _____32. Homeostasis refers to ? a) changing external conditions. b) stable external conditions. ?c) changing internal conditions. d) stable internal conditions. _____33. Which of the following is Not one of the four basic types of body tissues? ?a) epithelial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) connective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) brain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) muscle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) nervous ____34. A basement membrane occurs between ? a) muscle and nerve tissue. b) epithelial and connective tissue. ?c) connective tissue and muscle tissue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) brain and nerve tissue. _____35. Epithelial tissue functions in ? a) secretion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) absorption  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c)   protection  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d)   All of the above. _____36. The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is ? a) smooth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) skeletal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) cardiac  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) intercalated  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) None of these. _____37. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of nerve tissue? ?a) It is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. b) It contains cells that respond by transmitting impulses. ?c) Its intercellular spaces are filled with collagen. ?d) Functional cells are sensitive to changes in their surrounding. _____38. Permanent wrinkling of skin is usually due to changes caused by excessive exposure to ? a) water  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) sunlight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) dry air  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d)   heat _____39. Which of the following cell types are least likely to reproduce? ?a) endothelial cells that line the digestive tract. b) fibroblasts of connective tissue. ?c) skeletal muscle cells. d)   red bone marrow cells. _____40. The subcutaneous layer is located ? a) above the epidermis. b) between the epidermis and dermis. ?c) within the dermis. d) beneath the dermis. _____41. Which of the following is Not correct concerning the skin? ?a) The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis. ?b) The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. ?c) The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and epidermis. ?d) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue. _____42. Exocrine sweat glands ? a) are most common in the armpits and groin. ?b) respond primarily to elevated body temperature. c) respond primarily to emotional stress. ?d) usually are associated with hair follicles. _____43. Acne is a disorder involving the ? a) sweat glands   b) hair follicles  Ã‚   c) sebaceous glands  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) apocrine glands  Ã‚   e) endocrine glands _____44. Skin cells play an important role in the production of ? a) vitamin A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) vitamin B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) vitamin C  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) vit amin D  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) vitamin E _____45. The largest organ of the human body is the ? a) brain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) liver  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) stomach  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) skin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) lungs _____46. Keratin ? a) is a waterproof protein. b) fills dead cells in the dermis. c) is a skin pigment. d) All of the above are true. _____47. The dermis ? a) covers the epidermis. b) produces melanin. ?c) contains nervous tissue and blood vessels. d) consists mostly of dead cells. _____48. Which of the following is secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin? ?a) melanin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) sebum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) keratin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) sweat _____49. Hair and nails are composed primarily of ? a) sebum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) keratin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) melanin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) glands  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e) living cells _____50. Hair color and skin color are determined by ? a) keratin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) sebum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) melanin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d) glands